1 Peter 1.1-2, 10-12, 2.6-10 (Epistle)

1Petru, apostol al lui Isus Hristos, către aleşii care trăiesc ca străini, împrăştiaţi prin Pont, Galatia, Capadocia, Asia şi Bitinia, 2după ştiinţa mai dinainte a lui Dumnezeu Tatăl, prin sfinţirea lucrată de Duhul spre ascultarea şi stropirea cu sângele lui Isus Hristos: Harul şi pacea să vă fie înmulţite! 10Prorocii, care au prorocit despre harul care vă era păstrat vouă, au făcut din mântuirea aceasta ţinta cercetărilor şi căutării lor stăruitoare. 11Ei cercetau să vadă ce vreme şi ce împrejurări avea în vedere Duhul lui Hristos, care era în ei, când vestea mai dinainte patimile lui Hristos şi slava de care aveau să fie urmate. 12Lor le-a fost descoperit că nu pentru ei înşişi, ci pentru voi spuneau ei aceste lucruri, pe care vi le-au vestit acum cei ce v-au propovăduit Evanghelia prin Duhul Sfânt trimis din cer şi în care chiar îngerii doresc să privească. 6Căci este scris în Scriptură: „Iată că pun în Sion o Piatră din capul unghiului, aleasă, scumpă; şi cine se încrede în El nu va fi dat de ruşine.” 7Cinstea aceasta este, dar, pentru voi care aţi crezut! Dar pentru cei necredincioşi, „Piatra pe care au lepădat-o zidarii a ajuns să fie pusă în capul unghiului”, 8şi „o Piatră de poticnire şi o Stâncă de cădere”. Ei se lovesc de ea, pentru că n-au crezut Cuvântul, şi la aceasta sunt rânduiţi. 9Voi însă sunteţi o seminţie aleasă, o preoţie împărătească, un neam sfânt, un popor pe care Dumnezeu Şi l-a câştigat ca să fie al Lui, ca să vestiţi puterile minunate ale Celui ce v-a chemat din întuneric la lumina Sa minunată; 10pe voi, care odinioară nu eraţi un popor, dar acum sunteţi poporul lui Dumnezeu; pe voi, care nu căpătaserăţi îndurare, dar acum aţi căpătat îndurare.

Mark 12.1-12 (Gospel)

1Isus a început pe urmă să le vorbească în pilde. „Un om a sădit o vie. A împrejmuit-o cu un gard, a săpat un teasc în ea şi a zidit un turn; apoi a arendat-o unor vieri şi a plecat din ţară. 2La vremea roadelor, a trimis la vieri un rob, ca să ia de la ei din roadele viei. 3Vierii au pus mâna pe el, l-au bătut şi l-au trimis înapoi cu mâinile goale. 4A trimis iarăşi la ei un alt rob; ei l-au rănit la cap şi l-au batjocorit. 5A mai trimis un altul pe care l-au omorât; apoi a trimis mulţi alţii, dintre care, pe unii i-au bătut, iar pe alţii i-au omorât. 6Mai avea un singur fiu preaiubit; la urmă, l-a trimis şi pe el la ei. „Vor primi cu cinste pe fiul meu!”, zicea el. 7Dar vierii aceia au zis între ei: „Iată moştenitorul; veniţi să-l omorâm, şi moştenirea va fi a noastră.” 8Şi au pus mâna pe el, l-au omorât şi i-au aruncat trupul afară din vie. 9Acum, ce va face stăpânul viei? Va veni, va nimici pe vierii aceia, şi via o va da altora. 10Oare n-aţi citit locul acesta din Scriptură: „Piatra pe care au lepădat-o zidarii a ajuns să fie pusă în capul unghiului; 11Domnul a făcut acest lucru şi este minunat în ochii noştri”?” 12Ei căutau să-L prindă, dar se temeau de norod. Pricepuseră că împotriva lor spusese Isus pilda aceasta. Şi L-au lăsat şi au plecat.

Our Holy Fathers Athanasius the Great (373) and Cyril (444), Patriarchs of Alexandria

Saint Athanasius, pillar of Orthodoxy and Father of the Church, was born in Alexandria in 275, to pious Christian parents. Even as a child, his piety and devotion to the Faith were so notable that Alexander, the Patriarch of the city, took Athanasius under his protection. As a student, he acquired a thorough education, but was more interested in the things of God than in secular learning, and withdrew for a time into the desert to sit at the feet of Saint Anthony (January 17), whose disciple he became and whose biography he later wrote. On returning to Alexandria, he was ordained to the diaconate and began his public labors for the Church. He wrote his treatise On the Incarnation, when he was only twenty. (It contains a phrase, still often quoted today, that express in a few words some of the depths of the Mystery of the Incarnation: God became man that man might become god.)

Just at this time Arius, a priest in Alexandria, was promoting his enticing view that the Son and Word of God is not of one essence with the Father, but a divine creation of the Father. This view, which (as Athanasius realized) strikes at the very possibility of mankind’s salvation, gained wide acceptance and seemed for a time to threaten the Christian Faith itself. In 325, the Emperor Constantine the Great convoked a Council of the Church at Nicaea to settle the turmoil that the Arian teaching had spread through the Church. Athanasius attended the Council, and defended the Orthodox view so powerfully that he won the admiration of the Orthodox and the undying enmity of the Arians. From that time forth his life was founded on the defense of the true consubstantiality (homoousia) of the Son with the Father.

In 326, not long before his death, Patriarch Alexander appointed Athanasius to be his successor, and Athanasius was duly elevated to the patriarchal throne. He was active in his pastoral role, traveling throughout Egypt, visiting churches and monasteries, and working tirelessly not only to put down the Arian heresy, but to resolve various schisms and moral declines that affected his territory.

Though the Arian heresy had apparently been condemned once and for all at Nicea, Arius had many powerful allies throughout the Empire, even in the Imperial court, and Athanasius was soon subjected to many kinds of persecution, some local, some coming from the Imperial throne itself. Though he was Patriarch of Alexandria for more than forty years, a large amount of that time was spent in hiding from powerful enemies who threatened him with imprisonment or death. Twice he fled to Rome for protection by the Pope, who in the early centuries of the Church was a consistent champion of Orthodoxy against its various enemies. From his various hiding places, Athanasius issued tracts, treatises and epistles which helped to rally the faithful throughout Christendom to the Orthodox cause.

In 366, the Emperor Valens, fearing a revolt of the Egyptians on behalf of their beloved Archbishop, officially restored Athanasius to favor, and he was able to spend the last seven years of his life in peace. Of his forty-seven years as Patriarch, about seventeen were spent in hiding or exile. He reposed in peace in 373, having given his entire adult life, at great suffering, to the defense of the Faith of Christ.

With St Athanasius, the Church commemorates St Cyril (Kyrillos), also Archbishop of Alexandria (412-44). His lot was to defend the Faith against the heretic Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, who denied that Christ in his Incarnation truly united the divine with the human nature. Cyril attempted in private correspondence to restore Nestorius to the Christian faith, and when this failed he, along with Pope Celestine of Rome, led the defense of Orthodoxy against Nestorius’ teaching. Saint Cyril presided at the Third Ecumenical Council in 431, at which the Nestorian error was officially overthrown. After guiding his flock for thirty-two years, he reposed in 444.