یعقوب ۲.۱-۱۳ (رساله)

۱برادران من، ایمانِ شما به عیسی مسیح، خداوند پرجلالمان، با تبعیض همراه نباشد. ۲اگر کسی با انگشتریِ زرین و جامۀ فاخر به مجلس شما درآید و فقیری نیز با جامۀ ژنده وارد شود، ۳و شما به آن که جامۀ فاخر در بر دارد توجه خاص نشان دهید و به او بگویید: «در این جای نیکو بنشین،» امّا فقیر را بگویید: «همان جا بایست!» و یا: «اینجا پیش پاهای من بر زمین بنشین،» ۴آیا در میان خود تبعیض قائل نشده و با اندیشۀ بد قضاوت نکرده‌اید؟ ۵برادران عزیز، گوش فرا دهید! مگر خدا فقیران این جهان را برنگزیده تا در ایمان دولتمند باشند و پادشاهی‌ای را به میراث یابند که او به دوستدارانِ خود وعده فرموده است؟ ۶امّا شما به فقیر بی‌حرمتی روا داشته‌اید. آیا دولتمندان نیستند که بر شما ستم روا می‌دارند و شما را به محکمه می‌کشند؟ ۷آیا ایشان نیستند که به آن نام شریف که بر شما نهاده شده، کفر می‌گویند؟ ۸اگر براستی شریعت شاهانه را مطابق با این گفتۀ کتاب به جای آورید که می‌فرماید: «همسایه‌ات را همچون خویشتن محبت کن،» کارِ نیکو کرده‌اید. ۹امّا اگر تبعیض قائل شوید، گناه کرده‌اید و شریعت، شما را چون افرادی قانون‌شکن، محکوم می‌کند. ۱۰زیرا اگر کسی تمام شریعت را نگاه دارد امّا در یک مورد بلغزد، مجرم به شکستن تمام شریعت است. ۱۱چه، او که گفت: «زنا مکن،» همچنین گفته است: «قتل مکن.» پس هرچند زنا نکنی، امّا اگر قتل کنی، شریعت را شکسته‌ای. ۱۲پس همچون کسانی سخن گویید و عمل کنید که می‌دانند بر پایۀ شریعتِ آزادی، بر آنها داوری خواهد شد، ۱۳زیرا داوری نسبت به آن که رحم نکرده باشد، بی‌رحم خواهد بود. امّا رحم بر داوری پیروز خواهد شد!

مرقس ۱۰.۲۳-۳۲ (انجیل)

۲۳عیسی به اطراف نگریسته، به شاگردان خود گفت: «چه دشوار است راهیابی ثروتمندان به پادشاهی خدا!» ۲۴شاگردان از سخنان او در شگفت شدند. امّا عیسی بار دیگر به آنها گفت: «ای فرزندان، راه‌یافتن به پادشاهی خدا چه دشوار است! ۲۵گذشتنِ شتر از سوراخ سوزن آسانتر است از راهیابی شخص ثروتمند به پادشاهی خدا.» ۲۶شاگردان که بسیار شگفت‌زده بودند، به یکدیگر می‌گفتند: «پس چه کسی می‌تواند نجات یابد؟» ۲۷عیسی بدیشان چشم دوخت و گفت: «برای انسان ناممکن است، امّا برای خدا چنین نیست؛ زیرا همه چیز برای خدا ممکن است.» ۲۸آنگاه پطرس سخن آغاز کرد و گفت: «اینک ما همه چیز را ترک گفته‌ایم و از تو پیروی می‌کنیم.» ۲۹عیسی فرمود: «آمین، به شما می‌گویم، کسی نیست که به‌خاطر من و به‌خاطر انجیل، خانه یا برادران یا خواهران یا مادر یا پدر یا فرزندان یا املاک خود را ترک کرده باشد، ۳۰و در این عصر صد برابر بیشتر خانه‌ها و برادران و خواهران و مادران و فرزندان و املاک - و همراه آن، آزارها - به دست نیاورد، و در عصر آینده نیز از حیات جاویدان بهره‌مند نگردد. ۳۱امّا بسیاری که اوّلین هستند آخرین خواهند شد، و آخرینها اوّلین!» ۳۲آنان در راه اورشلیم بودند و عیسی پیشاپیش ایشان راه می‌پیمود. شاگردان در شگفت بودند و کسانی که از پی آنها می‌رفتند، هراسان. عیسی دیگر بار آن دوازده تن را به کناری برد و آنچه را می‌بایست بر او بگذرد، برایشان بیان کرد.

قدیس ماکسیموس معترف (۶۶۲)

He was born to a noble family in Constantinople in 580. (But, according to a recently-discovered account, he may have been born in Palestine.) He showed uncommon piety and depth of theological understanding from an early age, and wrote some of the Church’s most profound theological works. He became the chief secretary of the Emperor Heraclius and his grandson Constans. But when the Monothelite heresy took hold in the royal court, Maximos could not bear to be surrounded by this error and left for the Monastery at Chrysopolis, where he later became abbot. From the monastery, he battled Monothelitism in homilies and treatises that exercised a considerable influence; so much so that the Emperor Constans ordered him either to accept Monothelite belief or keep silence. Maximos refused to do either, and he was arrested. His tongue was torn out, his right hand cut off, and he was sentenced to exile. He died of his wounds and torments while still in prison awaiting deportation, at the age of eighty-two, in the year 662. The Great Horologion comments that “at that time only he and his few disciples were Orthodox in the East.” Nonetheless, his lonely and costly stand, whose fruit he did not see in his own lifetime, preserved the Orthodox Faith when emperors and patriarchs alike had fallen away.

Saint Maximos’ right hand is venerated today at the Monastery of St Paul on Mt Athos.

شهید مقدس آگنس روم (حدود ۳۰۴)

She was a virgin of noble birth who lived in Rome during the reign of Diocletian. She was martyred at the age of twelve. From an early age she loved chastity (“Agne”, the origin of her name, means “pure” or “chaste” in Greek.) Her purity became so well known that she was sought out by many women of Rome, whom she exhorted to accept Christ as the one true God, and to honor him with their chastity. For this she was in time arrested and brought before the City Prefect. When she refused to deny Christ, the Prefect had her handed over to a brothel; but everyone who attempted to violate her was mysteriously prevented, and one especially vicious and lewd attacker was miraculously struck dead. In front of the Prefect’s soldiers, Agnes prayed to God and the dead man was restored to life. Many pagan spectators, and the Prefect himself, cried “Great is the power of the Christians!” But others claimed that Agnes had performed this wonder by sorcery and should be killed. The Prefect ordered that she be burned to death. She gave up her life serenely and with prayers on her lips. Some Christians gathered her relics and placed them in a tomb where a magnificent church was later built. Saint Agnes’ holy relics remain a source of healing to this day.

پدر مقدس ما ماکسیموس یونانی (۱۵۵۶)

He was born Michael Tivolis in 1470. In his early youth he traveled to Italy, where many scholars had fled to preserve Hellenic culture despite the fall of Constantinople. After completing his studies in Florence, he went to the Holy Mountain in 1507 and entered Vatopedi Monastery, where he received the name of Maximos. Ten years later he was sent to Russia in answer to a request of Grand Prince Basil Ivanovich, who sought someone to translate works of the Holy Fathers on the Psalter, as well as other Church books, into Slavonic. Maximos completed this work with such success that he was made to stay in Russia to correct the existing translations (from Greek to Slavonic) of the Scriptures and liturgical books, and to preach. His work aroused the jealousy of some native monks, and Maximos was falsely accused of plotting against the Prince. In 1525 he was condemned as a heretic by a church court and banished to the Monastery of Volokolamsk, where he lived as a prisoner, not only suffering cold and extreme physical privation but being denied Holy Communion and the use of books.

One day an angel appeared to him and said ‘Have patience: You will be delivered from eternal torment by sufferings here below.’ In thanks for this divine comfort, St Maximus wrote a canon to the Holy Spirit on the walls of his cell in charcoal, since he was denied the use of paper and pen. (This canon is sung on Pentecost Monday in some Russian and Serbian Monasteries). Six years later he was tried again and condemned to indefinite imprisonment in chains at a monastery in Tver. Happily, the Bishop of Tver supported him, and he was able to continue his theological work and carry on a large correspondence despite his confinement. He endured these grim conditions for twenty years. Toward the end of his life, he was finally freed by the Tsar in response to pleas on his behalf by the Patriarchs of Constantinople and Alexandria and the intervention of pious Russian nobles. He was received with honor in Moscow, and allowed to carry on his theological work at the Lavra. The Tsar Ivan IV came to honor him highly, partly because the Saint had foretold the death of the Tsar’s son. When the Tsar called a Church Council to fight the doctrines of some who had brought the Calvinist heresy into Russia, he asked St Maximos to attend. Too old and weak to travel, the Saint sent a brilliant refutation of the heresy to the Council; this was his last written work. He reposed in peace in 1556, aged eighty-six. Not long after his death, he was glorified by the Church in Greece as a Holy Confessor and ‘Enlightener of Russia.’ In 1988 (!) he was added to the calendar of Saints by the Moscow Patriarchate.