مرقس ۱۶.۱-۸ (انجیل دوم صبحگاهی)

۱چون روز شَبّات گذشت، مریم مَجدَلیّه و سالومه و مریم، مادر یعقوب، حنوط خریدند تا بروند و بدن عیسی را تدهین کنند. ۲پس در نخستین روز هفته، سحرگاهان، هنگام طلوع آفتاب، به سوی مقبره روانه شدند. ۳آنها به یکدیگر می‌گفتند: «چه کسی سنگ را برای ما از جلوی مقبره خواهد غلتانید؟» ۴امّا چون نگریستند، دیدند آن سنگ که بسیار بزرگ بود، از جلوی مقبره به کناری غلتانیده شده است. ۵چون وارد مقبره شدند، جوانی را دیدند که بر سمت راست نشسته بود و ردایی سفید بر تن داشت. از دیدن او هراسان شدند. ۶جوان به ایشان گفت: «مترسید. شما در جستجوی عیسای ناصری هستید که بر صلیبش کشیدند. او برخاسته است؛ اینجا نیست. جایی که پیکر او را نهاده بودند، بنگرید. ۷حال، بروید و به شاگردان او و به پطرس بگویید که او پیش از شما به جلیل می‌رود؛ در آنجا او را خواهید دید، چنانکه پیشتر به شما گفته بود.» ۸پس زنان بیرون آمده، از مقبره گریختند، زیرا لرزه بر تنشان افتاده بود و حیران بودند. آنها به هیچ‌کس چیزی نگفتند، چرا که می‌ترسیدند.

اول قرنتیان ۸.۸-۹.۲ (رساله)

۸«خوراک، ما را به خدا نزدیک نمی‌سازد»؛ نه با نخوردن بدتر می‌شویم، نه با خوردن بهتر. ۹امّا مواظب باشید اختیار شما باعث لغزش ضعیفان نشود. ۱۰زیرا اگر کسی که وجدانی ضعیف دارد، تو را که در این باره از معرفت برخورداری، نشسته به غذا در بتخانه‌ای ببیند، آیا او نیز ترغیب نمی‌شود خوراک تقدیمی به بتها را بخورد؟ ۱۱بدین‌گونه، معرفت تو باعث هلاکت آن برادر ضعیف می‌شود که مسیح به‌خاطرش مرد. ۱۲وقتی این چنین به برادران خود گناه می‌کنید و به وجدان ضعیفشان صدمه می‌رسانید، همانا به مسیح گناه می‌کنید. ۱۳از این رو، اگر خوراک سبب لغزش برادرم می‌شود، تا ابد گوشت نخواهم خورد تا باعث لغزش او نشوم. ۱آیا آزاد نیستم؟ آیا رسول نیستم؟ آیا خداوندمان عیسی را ندیدم؟ آیا شما ثمرۀ کار من در خداوند نیستید؟ ۲حتی اگر برای دیگران رسول نباشم، دست‌کم برای شما هستم؛ زیرا شما مُهر تأییدِ رسالت من در خداوند هستید.

متی ۲۵.۳۱-۴۶ (انجیل)

۳۱«هنگامی که پسر انسان با شکوه و جلال خود به همراه همۀ فرشتگان بیاید، بر تخت پرشکوه خود خواهد نشست ۳۲و همۀ قومها در برابر او حاضر خواهند شد و او همچون شبانی که گوسفندها را از بزها جدا می‌کند، مردمان را به دو گروه تقسیم خواهد کرد؛ ۳۳گوسفندان را در سمت راست و بزها را در سمت چپ خود قرار خواهد داد. ۳۴سپس به آنان که در سمت راست او هستند خواهد گفت: ”بیایید، ای برکت یافتگان از پدر من، و پادشاهی‌ای را به میراث یابید که از آغاز جهان برای شما آماده شده بود. ۳۵زیرا گرسنه بودم، به من خوراک دادید؛ تشنه بودم، به من آب دادید؛ غریب بودم، به من جا دادید. ۳۶عریان بودم، مرا پوشانیدید؛ مریض بودم، عیادتم کردید؛ در زندان بودم، به دیدارم آمدید.“ ۳۷آنگاه پارسایان پاسخ خواهند داد: ”سرور ما، کِی تو را گرسنه دیدیم و به تو خوراک دادیم، یا تشنه دیدیم و به تو آب دادیم؟ ۳۸کِی تو را غریب دیدیم و به تو جا دادیم و یا عریان، و تو را پوشانیدیم؟ ۳۹کِی تو را مریض و یا در زندان دیدیم و به دیدارت آمدیم؟“ ۴۰پادشاه در پاسخ خواهد گفت: ”آمین، به شما می‌گویم، آنچه برای یکی از کوچکترین برادران من کردید، در واقع برای من کردید.“ ۴۱آنگاه به آنان که در سمت چپ او هستند خواهد گفت: ”ای ملعونان، از من دور شوید و به آتش جاودانی روید که برای ابلیس و فرشتگان او آماده شده است، ۴۲زیرا گرسنه بودم، خوراکم ندادید؛ تشنه بودم، آبم ندادید؛ ۴۳غریب بودم، جایم ندادید؛ عریان بودم، مرا نپوشانیدید؛ مریض و زندانی بودم، به دیدارم نیامدید.“ ۴۴آنان پاسخ خواهند داد: ”سرور ما، کی تو را گرسنه و تشنه و غریب و عریان و مریض و در زندان دیدیم و خدمتت نکردیم؟“ ۴۵در جواب خواهد گفت: ”آمین، به شما می‌گویم، آنچه برای یکی از این کوچکترینها نکردید، در واقع برای من نکردید.“ ۴۶پس آنان به مجازات جاودان داخل خواهند شد، امّا پارسایان به حیات جاودان.»

کشیش‌شهید پولیکارپ، اسقف اسمیرنا (۱۶۷)

He was born at Ephesus around the year 70. St Irenaeus of Lyons, his disciple, says that St Polycarp was ‘a disciple of the Apostles and acquainted with those who had seen the Lord.’ His parents died as martyrs, and he was given into the care of a devout lady named Callista. As a child, the Saint was so eager to follow the commandments of Christ that he repeatedly emptied his foster-mother’s pantry to feed the poor. Since her supplies were always miraculously renewed, Callista changed his name from Pancratius to Polykarpos, meaning ‘Much fruit.’

When grown, Polycarp became a disciple of St John the Theologian, and in time became Bishop of Smyrna; it is told that the messages to the Church at Smyrna in the Book of Revelation are addressed to St Polycarp and his flock. He knew St Ignatius of Antioch personally, and some of their correspondence is preserved.

Polycarp led his Church in holiness for more than fifty years, and became known throughout the Christian world as a true shepherd and standard-bearer of the Faith. About the year 154 he traveled to Rome and consulted with Pope Anacletus on the defense of the Faith.

Not long after he returned to Smyrna, a fierce persecution was unleashed against Christians in Asia Minor; along with many others, St Polycarp was arrested, having predicted his imminent martyrdom. (The account of his martyrdom that follows is based on eyewitness accounts gathered immediately after his death.)

On the evening of Holy Friday, soldiers burst into the farmhouse where he was staying. The Bishop welcomed them cheerfully, and ordered that a meal be prepared for them. He was granted some time to pray, and for two hours stood commemorating everyone that he had known and praying for the Church throughout the world. His captors sorrowed that they had come to take such a venerable man, and reluctantly took him to the Proconsul. When urged to deny Christ and save his life, the aged Saint replied, ‘For eighty-six years I have been his servant, and he has wronged me in nothing; how can I blaspheme my King and Savior?’ Told that he would die by fire if he did not apostatize, Polycarp replied ‘You threaten me with a fire that burns for a short time and then goes out, while you know nothing of the fire of the judgment to come and of the everlasting torment awaiting the wicked. Why wait any longer? Do what you will!’

Placed on the pyre, Polycarp lifted his eyes heavenward and gave thanks to God for finding him worthy to share with the holy Martyrs of the cup of Christ. When he had said his Amen, the executioners lit the fire. The eyewitnesses write that the fire sprang up around him like a curtain, and that he stood in its midst glowing like gold and sending forth a delightful scent of incense. Seeing that the fire was not harming him, the executioners stabbed him with a sword. His blood flowed so copiously that it put out the fire, and he gave back his soul to God. His relics were burned by the persecutors, but Christians rescued a few fragments of bone, which were venerated for many generations on the anniversary of his repose.

قدیس گورگونیا (۳۷۲)

She was the elder sister of St Gregory the Theologian (Jan. 25), and the daughter of St Gregory Nazianzen the Elder (January 1) and St Nonna (August 5). She married Alypius, a citizen of Iconium, and with him had three daughters. She became a holy guide to countless Christians whose lot it was to live out their Faith in the world. The Synaxarion says, “Her wisdom and knowledge of all that pertains to godliness made her the very model of a Christian wife. Her relatives, fellow-citizens, and numerous strangers relied on her as a counsellor who would indicate the Christian response in any of the knotty problems which they encountered while living in the world. She was foremost in her care for the churches of God, and in her respect for the priests and clergy, to whom the doors of her house were always open. Neither had she her equal in almsgiving nor in compassion for all the afflicted, so that you could well say that, like righteous Job, she was eyes to the blind, feet to the lame, a mother to the orphans.”

She received holy Baptism late in life, as was common at that time, and soon afterward the day of her death was revealed to her. She fell ill on the appointed day and, gathering her family and friends around her bed, gave them her final counsels. She then reposed in peace.

پدر قابل احترام ما الکساندر نخفتگان (۴۳۰)

He was born sometime in the mid-fourth century on an island in the Aegean. For a time he lived successfully in the world, receiving a good education in Constantinople, then serving for a time for the Prefect of the Praetorium. But, becoming aware of the vanity of worldly things, he answered Christ’s call, gave away all his goods to the poor and entered a monastery in Syria. After four years in obedience, he came to feel that the security of monastic life was inconsistent with the Gospel command to take no thought for the morrow; so he withdrew to the desert, taking with him only his garment and the Book of the Gospel. There he lived alone for seven years.

At the end of this period he set out on an apostolic mission to Mesopotamia, where he brought many to Christ: the city prefect Rabbula was converted after Alexander brought down fire from heaven, and a band of brigands who accosted the Saint on the road were transformed into a monastic community. He finally fled the city when the Christians there rose up demanding that he be made bishop. He once again took up a solitary life in the desert beyond the Euphrates, spending the day in prayer and part of the night sheltered in a barrel. There he remained for forty years. His holiness gradually attracted more than four hundred disciples, whom Alexander organized into a monastic community. Each disciple owned only one tunic, and was required to give away anything that they did not need for that day. Despite this threadbare life, the monastery was able to set up and run a hospice for the poor!

Alexander was perplexed as to how the admonition Pray without ceasing (1 Thess. 5:17) could be fulfilled by frail human flesh, but after three years of fasting and prayer, God showed him a method. He organized his monks into four groups according to whether their native language was Greek, Latin, Syriac or Coptic, and the groups prayed in shifts throughout the day and night. Twenty-four divine services were appointed each day, and the monks would chant from the Psalter between services. The community henceforth came to be known as the Akoimetoi, the Unsleeping Ones. (Similar communities later sprang up in the West, practicing what was there called Laus Perennis; St Columban founded many of these.)

Always desiring to spread the holy Gospel, Saint Alexander sent companies of missionaries to the pagans of southern Egypt. He and a company of 150 disciples set out as a kind of traveling monastery, living entirely on the charity of the villages they visited. Eventually they settled in some abandoned baths in Antioch, setting up a there a monastery dedicated to the unceasing praise of God; but a jealous bishop drove them from the city. Making his way to Constantinople, he settled there with four monks. In a few days, more than four hundred monks had left their monasteries to join his community. The Saint organized them into three companies — Greeks, Latins and Syrians — and restored the program of unsleeping prayer that his community had practiced in Mesopotamia. Not surprisingly, his success aroused the envy and anger of the abbots whose monasteries had been nearly emptied; they managed to have him condemned as a Messalian at a council held in 426. (The Messalians were an over-spiritualizing sect who believed that the Christian life consisted exclusively of prayer.) Alexander was sent back to Syria, and most of his monks were imprisoned; but as soon as they were released, most fled the city to join him again. The Saint spent his last years traveling from place to place, founding monasteries, often persecuted, until he reposed in 430, ‘to join the Angelic choirs which he had so well imitated on earth.’ (Synaxarion)

The practice of unceasing praise, established by St Alexander, spread throughout the Empire. The Monastery of the Akoimetoi, founded by a St Marcellus, a successor of Alexander, was established in Constantinople and became a beacon to the Christian world. ‘Even though it has not been retained in today’s practice, the unceasing praise established by Saint Alexander was influential in the formation of the daily cycle of liturgical offices in the East and even more so in the West.’ (Synaxarion)