James 3.1-10 (Epistle)

1Fraţii mei, să nu fiţi mulţi învăţători, căci ştiţi că vom primi o judecată mai aspră. 2Toţi greşim în multe feluri. Dacă nu greşeşte cineva în vorbire, este un om desăvârşit şi poate să-şi ţină în frâu tot trupul. 3De pildă, dacă punem cailor frâul în gură, ca să ne asculte, le cârmuim tot trupul. 4Iată, şi corăbiile, cât de mari sunt, şi, măcar că sunt mânate de vânturi iuţi, totuşi sunt cârmuite de o cârmă foarte mică, după gustul cârmaciului. 5Tot aşa şi limba este un mic mădular, şi se făleşte cu lucruri mari. Iată, un foc mic ce pădure mare aprinde! 6Limba este şi ea un foc, este o lume de nelegiuiri. Ea este aceea dintre mădularele noastre care întinează tot trupul şi aprinde roata vieţii, când este aprinsă de focul gheenei. 7Toate soiurile de fiare, de păsări, de târâtoare, de vieţuitoare de mare se îmblânzesc şi au fost îmblânzite de neamul omenesc, 8dar limba niciun om n-o poate îmblânzi. Ea este un rău care nu se poate înfrâna, este plină de o otravă de moarte. 9Cu ea binecuvântăm pe Domnul şi Tatăl nostru, şi tot cu ea blestemăm pe oameni, care sunt făcuţi după asemănarea lui Dumnezeu. 10Din aceeaşi gură iese şi binecuvântarea şi blestemul! Nu trebuie să fie aşa, fraţii mei!

Mark 11.11-23 (Gospel)

11Isus a intrat în Ierusalim şi S-a dus în Templu. După ce S-a uitat la toate lucrurile de jur împrejur, fiindcă era pe înserate, a plecat la Betania cu cei doisprezece. 12A doua zi, după ce au ieşit din Betania, Isus a flămânzit. 13A zărit de departe un smochin care avea frunze şi a venit să vadă poate va găsi ceva în el. S-a apropiat de smochin, dar n-a găsit decât frunze, căci nu era încă vremea smochinelor. 14Atunci a luat cuvântul şi a zis smochinului: „În veac să nu mai mănânce nimeni rod din tine!” Şi ucenicii au auzit aceste vorbe. 15Au ajuns în Ierusalim; şi Isus a intrat în Templu. A început să scoată afară pe cei ce vindeau şi cumpărau în Templu; a răsturnat mesele schimbătorilor de bani şi scaunele celor ce vindeau porumbei. 16Şi nu lăsa pe nimeni să poarte vreun vas prin Templu. 17Şi-i învăţa şi zicea: „Oare nu este scris: „Casa Mea se va chema o casă de rugăciune pentru toate neamurile”? Dar voi aţi făcut din ea o peşteră de tâlhari.” 18Preoţii cei mai de seamă şi cărturarii, când au auzit cuvintele acestea, căutau cum să-L omoare; căci se temeau de El, pentru că tot norodul era uimit de învăţătura Lui. 19Ori de câte ori se însera, Isus ieşea afară din cetate. 20Dimineaţa, când treceau pe lângă smochin, ucenicii l-au văzut uscat din rădăcini. 21Petru şi-a adus aminte de cele petrecute şi a zis lui Isus: „Învăţătorule, uite că smochinul pe care l-ai blestemat s-a uscat.” 22Isus a luat cuvântul şi le-a zis: „Aveţi credinţă în Dumnezeu! 23Adevărat vă spun că, dacă va zice cineva muntelui acestuia: „Ridică-te şi aruncă-te în mare”, şi dacă nu se va îndoi în inima lui, ci va crede că ce zice se va face, va avea lucrul cerut.

Our Holy Father Ephraim the Syrian (373)

He is often called “The Harp of the Holy Spirit” for the sublimity of his writings. He was born in Nisibis of Mesopotamia about the year 306. He embraced the Christian faith while young and for this was driven from his home by his father, a pagan priest. He came under the care of St James of Nisibis (January 13), who was one of the bishops at the Council of Nicaea. He took up a strictly ascetical life, renouncing all possessions and denying himself all comforts. It is said that his eyes constantly flowed with tears: tears of compunction for his own sins, or tears of joy as he contemplated the wonders of God’s grace.

He was baptized at the age of twenty and withdrew to the desert, then settled in Edessa. Once, as he was walking to the city, a harlot approached him. Pretending to accept her proposition, he took her to the city’s public square and suggested that they lie together there, in plain view. Horrified, the woman rebuked him, saying ‘Have you no shame?’ The Saint answered, ‘Poor woman, you are afraid of being watched by other people; but why are you not afraid of being seen by God, who sees everything and, on the last day, will judge all our actions and most secret thoughts?’ The woman repented and, with the Saint’s help, embarked upon a new life.

The Saint returned to the desert for a time, then to Nisibis to aid the Persian Christians, persecuted because they were seen as allies of the Romans. When Nisibis finally fell under Persian rule, St Ephraim and his spiritual father St James both settled in Edessa. At that time Edessa was troubled by the gnostic heretic Bardaisan, one of whose devices was to compose attractive hymns, which became popular and enticed many away from the truth. Taking up Bardaisan’s own weapons, St Ephraim composed a number of hymns, beautiful in word and melody, which poetically set forth the true Faith.

Hearing of the sanctity of St Basil the Great, St Ephraim traveled to Cappadocia to meet him. It is recorded that at their first meeting, St Basil greeted him: ‘Art thou the Ephraim who hath beautifully bended his neck and taken upon himself the yoke of the saving Word?’; to which St Ephraim replied, ‘I am Ephraim who hinder myself from traveling the way to heaven.’ After discoursing with the Syrian Saint for some time, St Basil cried out ‘O, if only I had thy sins!’ Basil then ordained St Ephraim to the diaconate. He would have ordained him a priest but St Ephraim, feeling unworthy, refused to be ordained, then and for the rest of his life.

The Saint returned to a life of solitude; but when a famine broke out in Edessa in 372, he came forth to rebuke the wealthy for failing to share their wealth with the poor. Some replied that they knew no one whom they could trust with their goods, so St Ephraim persuaded them to give their alms to him for distribution to the poor. A true deacon, he cared for the sick with his own hands. The following year, he reposed in peace.

St Ephraim was the first to use hymnody and song to express the teaching of the Church, and so might be called the Church’s first hymnographer. His works were probably an inspiration to St Romanos the Melodist, also a Syrian. He is said to have written more than three million lines of verse in Syriac, in addition to many homilies and treatises. Only a fraction of his work has been translated.

A beautiful selection of St Ephraim’s writings can be found in A Spiritual Psalter, a collection edited by St Theophan the Recluse, available in English.

Our Holy Father Isaac the Syrian, bishop of Nineveh (7th c.)

He was born early in the seventh century in the East. His birthplace is unclear: the Great Horologion says that he was born in eastern Arabia (present-day Qatar); the Synaxarion that he was born in Kurdistan. While still young he entered the Lavra of St Matthew with his brother, but after a few years of monastic life, having advanced far in obedience and the practice of prayer, he withdrew into the desert. His reputation for holiness reached the city of Nineveh, where the people prevailed on the hierarchy to consecrate him as their bishop in 670. Reluctantly but obediently, St Isaac took up the duties of shepherd of his flock in Nineveh. After a few months, he was called on to settle a dispute between two of the faithful, but they rejected his counsel and said ‘Leave your Gospel out of this matter!’ The holy bishop said, ‘If they are not prepared to obey Our Lord’s commandments, what need have they of me?’, and retired to live as a hermit in the mountains of Kurdistan. Later, he settled in the monastery of Raban Shapur, where he wrote his Ascetical Homilies and other jewel-like works on the spiritual life. There he reposed in peace.

The fame of St Isaac’ Homilies spread, and about one hundred years after their writing they were translated from Syriac into Greek by two monks in Palestine. In this form they spread throughout the monastic world, becoming a treasured guide to those who seek the fullness of the life of prayer. The Synaxarion says, “The book of Saint Isaac is, with the Ladder of Saint John Climacus, the indispensible guide for every Orthdox soul to journey safely toward God. Hence, not many years ago, a holy spiritual father, Jerome of Egina (d. 1966), recommended begging, if necessary, in order to be able to purchase a copy.” We are blessed to have a good translation of the Ascetical Homilies available in English.

Saint Isaac is a very unusual case of an Orthodox Saint who lived outside the canonical boundaries of the Church: he was a bishop of the “Nestorian” communion, now sometimes called the “Oriental Orthodox.” The purity of his own Orthodox faith is so clearly evident in his writings that the Church has nonetheless recognized his sanctity.