1 Timothy 5.1-10 (Epistle)

1Nu mustra cu asprime pe un bătrân, ci sfătuieşte-l ca pe un tată; pe tineri sfătuieşte-i ca pe nişte fraţi; 2pe femeile bătrâne, ca pe nişte mame; pe cele tinere, ca pe nişte surori, cu toată curăţia. 3Cinsteşte pe văduvele care sunt cu adevărat văduve. 4Dacă o văduvă are copii sau nepoţi de la copii, aceştia să se deprindă să fie evlavioşi, întâi faţă de cei din casa lor, şi să răsplătească ostenelile părinţilor, căci lucrul acesta este plăcut înaintea lui Dumnezeu. 5Cea cu adevărat văduvă, care a rămas singură, şi-a pus nădejdea în Dumnezeu şi stăruie, zi şi noapte, în cereri şi rugăciuni. 6Dar cea dedată la plăceri, măcar că trăieşte, este moartă. 7Porunceşte şi aceste lucruri, ca să fie fără vină. 8Dacă nu poartă cineva grijă de ai lui, şi mai ales de cei din casa lui, s-a lepădat de credinţă şi este mai rău decât un necredincios. 9O văduvă, ca să fie înscrisă în lista văduvelor, trebuie să n-aibă mai puţin de şaizeci de ani, să nu fi avut decât un singur bărbat, 10să fie cunoscută pentru faptele ei bune, să fi crescut copii, să fi fost primitoare de oaspeţi, să fi spălat picioarele sfinţilor, să fi ajutat pe cei nenorociţi, să fi dat ajutor la orice faptă bună.

Luke 20.27-44 (Gospel)

27Unii din saduchei, care zic că nu este înviere, s-au apropiat şi au întrebat pe Isus: 28„Învăţătorule, iată ce ne-a scris Moise: „Dacă moare fratele cuiva, având nevastă, dar fără să aibă copii, fratele lui să ia pe nevasta lui şi să ridice urmaş fratelui său.” 29Au fost, dar, şapte fraţi. Cel dintâi s-a însurat, şi a murit fără copii. 30Pe nevasta lui, a luat-o al doilea; şi a murit şi el fără copii. 31A luat-o şi al treilea şi tot aşa toţi şapte; şi au murit fără să lase copii. 32La urma tuturor, a murit şi femeia. 33Deci, la înviere, nevasta căruia dintre ei va fi femeia? Fiindcă toţi şapte au avut-o de nevastă.” 34Isus le-a răspuns: „Fiii veacului acestuia se însoară şi se mărită; 35dar cei ce vor fi găsiţi vrednici să aibă parte de veacul viitor şi de învierea dintre cei morţi, nici nu se vor însura, nici nu se vor mărita. 36Pentru că nici nu vor putea muri, căci vor fi ca îngerii. Şi vor fi fiii lui Dumnezeu, fiind fii ai învierii. 37Dar că morţii învie, a arătat însuşi Moise, în locul unde este vorba despre „Rug” când numeşte pe Domnul: „Dumnezeul lui Avraam, Dumnezeul lui Isaac şi Dumnezeul lui Iacov.” 38Dar Dumnezeu nu este un Dumnezeu al celor morţi, ci al celor vii, căci pentru El toţi sunt vii.” 39Unii din cărturari au luat cuvântul şi au zis: „Învăţătorule, bine ai zis.” 40Şi nu mai îndrăzneau să-I mai pună nicio întrebare. 41Isus le-a zis: „Cum se zice că Hristosul este fiul lui David? 42Căci însuşi David zice în cartea Psalmilor: „Domnul a zis Domnului meu: „Şezi la dreapta Mea, 43până voi pune pe vrăjmaşii Tăi sub picioarele Tale.” 44Deci David Îl numeşte Domn; atunci cum este El fiul lui?”

Our Father among the Saints Ambrose, Bishop of Milan (397)

This illustrious light of Orthodoxy in the Western Church was born in Gaul in 349, but his widowed mother took the family to Rome while he was still a small child. Brilliant and well-educated, he was made a provincial Governor in 375 and took up residence in Milan. In those days, the Arian heresy was still dividing the Church, despite its repudiation at the Council of Nicaea in 325. When the time came to elect a new Bishop in Milan, the Orthodox and Arian parties were so divided that they could come to no agreement on a new Bishop. When Ambrose came as Governor to try to restore peace and order, a young child, divinely inspired, called out “Ambrose, Bishop!” To Ambrose’s amazement, the people took up the cry, and Ambrose himself was elected, though he tried to refuse, protesting that he was only a catechumen (it was still common in those days to delay Holy Baptism for fear of polluting it by sin). He even attempted to flee, but his horse brought him back to the city. Resigning himself to God’s will, he was baptized and, only a week later, elevated to Bishop. Immediately, he renounced all possessions, distributed all of his money to the poor and gave his estates to the Church. Straightaway, he entered into a spirited defense of Orthodoxy in his preaching and writings to the dismay of the Arians who had supported his election. Soon he persuaded Gratian, Emperor of the West, to call the Council of Aquilea, which brought an end to Arianism in the Western Church. (Arianism, however, continued to prosper among the barbarian nations for many years; see the Martyrs of Africa, also commemorated today).

Several times the holy Bishop was called upon to defend the Church against domination by the secular powers. Once, putting down an uprising in Thessalonika, the Emperor Theodosius punished the city by ordering the massacre of thousands of its residents. When the Emperor later visited Milan and came to the Cathedral to attend the Liturgy, Saint Ambrose stopped him at the door, condemned his crime before all the people, forbade him entrance to the church and excommunicated him for eight months. The Emperor went away weeping, and submitted in humility to the Church’s discipline. When he returned after long penance to be restored to Communion, he went into the sanctuary along with the clergy, as had been the custom of the Emperors since Constantine the Great. But again the holy Ambrose humbled him in the sight of all the people, saying “Get out and take your place among the laity; the purple does not make priests, but only emperors.” Theodosius left without protest, took his place among the penitents, and never again attempted to enter the sanctuary of a church. (When the Emperor died, it was Bishop Ambrose who preached his funeral eulogy).

Saint Ambrose, by teaching, preaching and writing, brought countless pagans to the Faith. His most famous convert was St Augustine (June 15), who became his disciple and eventually a bishop. Ambrose’s many theological and catechetical works helped greatly to spread the teaching of the Greek fathers in the Latin world. He wrote many glorious antiphonal hymns which were once some of the gems of the Latin services.

Saint Ambrose reposed in peace in 397; his relics still rest in the basilica in Milan.

The Martyrs of Africa, who suffered during the Vandal persecution (429 and following)

In the year 429, eighty thousand Vandals crossed from Spain into Africa and, in the course of ten years of massacre and pillage, gained control of most of the Roman territories of North Africa. Many people picture these barbarians as pagans, but they were in fact Arian heretics, who under their leader Genseric began a fierce persecution of the Church wherever they encountered it. The tortures that many thousands endured in their confession of the Faith are too horrible to describe here; the clergy were singled out for special cruelty.

Today we especially commemorate the Orthodox faithful whom the Vandals burned to death in their church, who went on singing hymns and praising God until the moment of their death. We also commemorate the three hundred Martyrs in Carthage who died by the sword rather than submit to Arian baptism.

The death of Genseric in 454 brought little relief, for after a short hiatus his successors Huneric (477-484) and Gonthamund (484-497) continued the persecution as viciously as before. Christian Africa lived under the Vandal yoke for almost 100 years: freedom from persecution was not secure until Justinian’s forces overcame and drove off the Vandals in 523-525. The African Church, once a beacon of Christianity, never recovered its former vitality.

Our Venerable Father Antony of Siya (1556)

Saint Anthony is one of the holy protectors of iconographers.

He was born in 1477 in a Russian village near Archangel. From an early age he devoted himself to reading sacred books and making icons. When his parents died, he entered the service of a wealthy lord in Novgorod, and later married the lord’s daughter. But less than a year after his marriage he was widowed. Despairing of earthly consolations, he gave his wealth to the poor and, owning only the clothes that he wore, went to become a monk at the Monastery of St Pachomius. There he excelled in prayer, vigil and ascesis, praying for most of the night, taking on the heaviest work by day, and eating only every second day. After a short time he was ordained to the priesthood.

Some years later he and two companions, seeking a more secluded life for prayer, traveled to the frigid shores of the White Sea and established a small monastic brotherhood where the River Siya enters Lake Mikhailov. They lived in utter poverty, staying alive by gathering mushrooms and wild berries. Many times they heard the sound of bells, though there was no church or habitation anywhere nearby. In time other brethren were attracted to the site, and a monastery was founded with the help of the Grand Prince of Moscow. When the monastery church burned down, an icon of the Holy Trinity painted by St Antony miraculously survived unscathed, and later worked many miracles. The Saint himself withdrew into the forests, living alone for many years until he was called back by his spiritual children to serve as the monastery’s abbot. Having foreseen his own end, he reposed in peace in 1556. He asked that his body be thrown into the lake, but his disciples, obedient in every other way, did not fulfil his request. His tomb was the source of many miracles in the coming years.