عبرانیان ۱۰.۱-۱۸ (رساله)

۱شریعت فقط سایۀ چیزهای نیکوی آینده است، نه صورت واقعی آنها. از همین رو، هرگز نمی‌تواند با قربانیهایی که سال به سال پیوسته تکرار می‌شود، آنان را که برای عبادت نزدیک می‌آیند، کامل سازد. ۲وگرنه آیا تقدیم آنها متوقف نمی‌شد؟ زیرا در آن صورت، عبادت‌کنندگان یک بار برای همیشه پاک می‌شدند و از آن پس دیگر برای گناهان خود احساس تقصیر نمی‌کردند. ۳امّا آن قربانیها هر سال یادآور گناهانند، ۴چرا که ممکن نیست خون گاوها و بزها گناهان را از میان بردارد. ۵از این رو، هنگامی که مسیح به جهان آمد، فرمود: «به قربانی و هدیه رغبت نداشتی، امّا بدنی برای من مهیا ساختی؛ ۶از قربانیهای تمام‌سوز و قربانیهای گناه خشنود نبودی. ۷آنگاه گفتم: ”اینک من می‌آیم، تا ارادۀ تو را ای خدا به جای آورم؛ در طومار کتاب درباره‌ام نوشته شده است.“‌» ۸نخست می‌گوید: «به قربانی و هدیه، قربانیهای سوختنی و قربانیهای گناه رغبت نداشتی و از آنها خشنود نبودی»، هرچند شریعت خواهان انجامشان بود. ۹سپس می‌فرماید: «اینک من می‌آیم تا ارادۀ تو را به جای آورم.» پس اوّلی را باطل می‌کند تا دوّمی را برقرار سازد. ۱۰به واسطۀ همین اراده، ما یک بار برای همیشه، از طریق قربانیِ بدن عیسی مسیح تقدیس شده‌ایم. ۱۱هر کاهن، هر روز به خدمت می‌ایستد و همان قربانیها را که هرگز نمی‌توانند گناهان را از میان بردارند، بارها می‌گذراند. ۱۲امّا این کاهن، چون برای همیشه یک قربانی به جهت گناهان تقدیم کرد، به دست راست خدا بنشست. ۱۳از آن هنگام، در انتظار است که دشمنانش کرسی زیر پایش گردند، ۱۴زیرا با یک قربانی، تقدیس‌شدگان را تا ابد کامل ساخته است. ۱۵روح‌القدس نیز در این خصوص به ما گواهی می‌دهد. ابتدا می‌فرماید: ۱۶«خداوند اعلام می‌کند، این است عهدی که پس از آن ایام با ایشان خواهم بست. احکام خود را در دلهای ایشان خواهم نهاد، و بر ذهن ایشان خواهم نگاشت.» ۱۷سپس می‌افزاید: «گناهان و نافرمانیهای ایشان را دیگر هرگز به یاد نخواهم آورد.» ۱۸آنجا که اینها آمرزیده شده باشند، دیگر جایی برای قربانی گناه باقی نمی‌ماند.

مرقس ۸.۳۰-۳۴ (انجیل)

۳۰امّا عیسی ایشان را منع کرد که دربارۀ او به کسی چیزی نگویند. ۳۱آنگاه عیسی به تعلیم دادن آنها آغاز کرد که لازم است پسر انسان زحمتِ بسیار بیند و از سوی مشایخ و سران کاهنان و علمای دین رد شده، کشته شود و پس از سه روز برخیزد. ۳۲چون عیسی این را آشکارا اعلام کرد، پطرس او را به کناری برد و شروع به سرزنش او کرد. ۳۳امّا عیسی روی برگردانیده، به شاگردان خود نگریست و پطرس را سرزنش کرد و گفت: «دور شو از من، ای شیطان! زیرا افکار تو انسانی است، نه الهی.» ۳۴آنگاه جماعت را با شاگردان خود فرا خواند و به آنان گفت: «اگر کسی بخواهد مرا پیروی کند، باید خود را انکار کرده، صلیب خویش برگیرد و از پی من بیاید.

قدیسه نینو گرجستان (۳۳۵)

She is called “Nino” in many accounts. This holy maiden was a Cappadocian, the only daughter of Zabullon, a kinsman of the Great Martyr George. She was captured and enslaved by the Iberians (later called the Georgians) and taken away to their homeland. In captivity, she lived a sober and pious life, devoting every free moment day and night to prayer. Her exceptional virtue attracted the attention of many, especially those hungry for Truth, and she simply and boldly proclaimed the Gospel to all who inquired of her.

Once she healed a woman’s sick child by her prayers, and the report of this wonder reached the Queen of Georgia, who was herself suffering from an incurable disease. She asked the slave to come to her, but Nina refused out of humility, so the Queen had her servants take her to Nina’s dwelling. The Saint prayed and the Queen was healed instantly. Returning home in joy, the Queen praised Nina and her faith to the King, whose name was Mirian. The king payed her little heed, but later, while hunting, he was suddenly engulfed by a dark cloud, so that he lost his way and was stricken by fear. Remembering his wife’s report, he prayed “to the god whom Nina worships,” and vowed that if he were delivered he would worship Him alone. Immediately the cloud vanished and the King received the light of faith. Hastening home, he found Nina and, King though he was, cast himself at the feet of the slave and told her that he had resolved that he and his whole nation should be baptized. He sent emissaries to Constantine the Great, who quickly dispatched bishops and priests to the barbarian kingdom.

When the conversion of the country was well under way, Nina, though now freed, determined to stay in Georgia, where she withdrew to the wilderness and prayed fervently that the people would be confirmed in the Faith of Christ. Saint Nina reposed in peace, surrounded by the King, his court and the clergy. Thus did a powerless slave woman, by the power of God, convert an entire nation.

پدر مقدس ما ساوا (ساباس), روشنگر و اول اسقف اعظم صربستان (۱۲۳۶)

This best-loved Saint of the Serbian people was born in 1169, the son of Stephen Nemanja, Grand Prince of Serbia. He was named Rastko by his parents. At the age of fifteen he was appointed governor of the province of Herzegovina, but worldly power was of no interest to him, and he began to wish to give himself more fully to God. He secretly left home and traveled to Mount Athos, where he became a novice at the Monastery of St Panteleimon. His father learned where he had gone and sent soldiers to bring him back, but before the soldiers could claim him, he was tonsured a monk with the name of Sabbas (Sava), after St Sabbas the Sanctified (December 5).

In time, under the influence of his son, Stephen Nemanja abdicated his kingship, and in 1196 he became a monk under the name of Symeon, traveling to the Holy Mountain to join his son. Symeon was quite old, and unable to endure all the ascetic labors of long-time monks, so his son redoubled his own ascetical struggle, telling his father, “I am your ascesis.” The two monks together founded the Chilander Monastery, which became the center of Serbian piety and culture. Saint Symeon reposed in 1200, and his body soon began to exude a miracle-working myrrh; thus he is commemorated as St Symeon the Myrrh-streaming (February 13).

Saint Sava retired to a hermit’s life in a cell on the Holy Mountain, but was compelled to return to the world: his two brothers were at war with one another, causing much bloodshed in Serbia. The Saint returned home with his father’s holy relics, mediated between his brothers, and persuaded them to make peace with one another over their father’s tomb, restoring peace the Serbian land. At the pleas of the people, St Sava remained in Serbia thereafter. He persuaded the Emperor and the Patriarch of Constantinople to grant autocephaly to the Church in Serbia. Against his will, he was ordained first Archbishop of his land in 1219. He labored tirelessly to establish the Orthodox Faith, for, though his father had been a Christian, many of the people were still pagan. In old age he resigned the episcopal throne and went on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. While returning from his pilgrimage, he fell asleep in peace in 1236.

مقدس پدران کشته شده در سینا و رایتو (سده ۴-۵)

The Holy Fathers at Mount Sinai lived in the wilderness around the holy mountain before the Emperor Justinian built the famous Monastery there in 527. The brethren were attacked by a band of Saracen barbarians who massacred Doulas, the superior of the community, and most of the other monks. They only stopped when a pillar of fire rose to the sky from the summit of Sinai, causing them to flee in fear.

The Forty-three Holy Fathers at Raithu were massacred on December 22, but are commemorated together with the fathers of Sinai. They lived the monastic life on the shores of the Red Sea. One day about three hundred Ethiopian barbarians raided the area, killing many Christians and enslaving their wives and children. They attacked the church at Raithu, where forty-three fathers had taken shelter. Their abbot Paul enjoined them to persist in prayer to the end, putting no stock in the passing life of this world, which they had renounced when they came to the desert. No sooner had he finished his prayer than the barbarians broke in, slaughtering all the monks but one, who escaped to bring news of the attack to Mt Sinai. When the barbarians returned to their ships they found that the Christians had run their vessels onto the rocks. Enraged, they killed all their prisoners. They themselves were massacred by a band of armed Christians who arrived soon afterward.