Orthodox Calendar

۱۵ ژوئیه ۲۰۲۶
چهارشنبه هفته هفتم بعد از پنطیکاست

روزه

یادبودها

  • ردای تئوتکس در بلاخرنای
  • قدیس یوحنا (ماکسیموویچ), اسقف اعظم شانگهای و سن فرانسیسکو (۱۹۶۶) (۱۹ ژوئن ت.ق)
  • قدیس ژوونال, پاتریارک اورشلیم (۴۵۸)
  • قدیس ژوونالی, اول شهید آمریکا و آلاسکا (۱۷۹۶)

خوانش‌های کتاب مقدس

اول قرنتیان ۷.۱۲-۲۴ (رساله)

۱۲به بقیه می‌گویم - من می‌گویم نه خداوند - که اگر برادری همسر بی‌ایمان دارد و آن زن حاضر است با او زندگی کند، آن برادر نباید زن خود را طلاق گوید. ۱۳همچنین اگر زنی شوهر بی‌ایمان دارد و آن مرد حاضر است با او زندگی کند، آن زن نباید شوهر خود را طلاق گوید. ۱۴زیرا شوهر بی‌ایمان به واسطۀ همسرش تقدیس می‌شود و زن بی‌ایمان به واسطۀ شوهرش. در غیر این صورت، فرزندان شما ناپاک می‌بودند؛ امّا چنین نیست، بلکه آنان مقدّسند. ۱۵امّا اگر آن که بی‌ایمان است بخواهد جدا شود، بگذار چنین کند. در چنین وضعی شوهر یا زن مؤمن اجباری ندارد با او زندگی کند. ولی خدا ما را به صلح و آشتی خوانده است. ۱۶زیرا ای زن، از کجا می‌دانی که باعث نجات شوهرت نخواهی شد؟ و ای مرد، از کجا می‌دانی که همسرت را نجات نخواهی داد؟ ۱۷باری، هر کس آن‌گونه زندگی کند که خداوند برای او در نظر گرفته و خدا او را بدان فرا خوانده است. این اصلی است که من در همۀ کلیساها بدان حکم می‌کنم. ۱۸اگر کسی به هنگام فرا خوانده شدن ختنه شده بوده، در همان حال باقی بماند؛ و اگر کسی به هنگام فرا خوانده شدن ختنه نشده بوده، ختنه نشود. ۱۹زیرا مهم ختنه شدن یا نشدن نیست، بلکه مهم نگاه داشتن احکام خداست. ۲۰هر کس در هر وضعی که در آن فرا خوانده شده باقی بماند. ۲۱آیا زمانی که فرا خوانده شدی، غلام بودی؟ تو را باکی نباشد. امّا اگر می‌توانی آزادی خود را به دست آوری، فرصت را از دست مده. ۲۲زیرا آن که در غلامی از سوی خداوند فرا خوانده شده است، آزادِ خداوند است؛ و نیز آن که در آزادی فرا خوانده شده است، غلام مسیح است. ۲۳به بهایی خریده شده‌اید، پس غلام انسانها مشوید. ۲۴بنابراین، ای برادران، هر کس در هر وضعی که فرا خوانده شده است، در همان وضع در حضور خدا باقی بماند.

متی ۱۴.۳۵-۱۵.۱۱ (انجیل)

۳۵مردمان آنجا عیسی را شناختند و کسانی را به تمامی آن نواحی فرستاده، بیماران را نزدش آوردند. ۳۶آنها از او تمنا می‌کردند اجازه دهد تا فقط گوشۀ ردایش را لمس کنند، و هر که لمس می‌کرد، شفا می‌یافت. ۱سپس گروهی از فَریسیان و علمای دین از اورشلیم نزد عیسی آمدند و گفتند: ۲«چرا شاگردان تو سنّت مشایخ را زیر پا می‌گذارند؟ آنها دستهای خود را پیش از غذا خوردن نمی‌شویند!» ۳او در پاسخ گفت: «و شما چرا برای حفظ سنّت خویش، حکم خدا را زیر پا می‌گذارید؟ ۴زیرا خدا فرموده است: ”پدر و مادر خود را گرامی دار“ و نیز ”هر که پدر یا مادر خود را ناسزا گوید، البته باید کشته شود.“ ۵امّا شما می‌گویید اگر کسی به پدر یا مادرش بگوید: ”هر کمکی که ممکن بود از من دریافت کنید، وقف خداست،“ ۶در این صورت، دیگر بر او واجب نیست این‌گونه پدرِ خود را گرامی دارد. این‌چنین شما برای حفظ سنّت خویش کلام خدا را باطل می‌شمارید. ۷ای ریاکاران! اِشعیا دربارۀ شما چه خوب پیشگویی کرد، آنگاه که گفت: ۸«”این قوم با لبهای خود مرا حرمت می‌دارند، امّا دلشان از من دور است. ۹آنان بیهوده مرا عبادت می‌کنند، و تعلیمشان چیزی جز فرایض بشری نیست.“ » ۱۰سپس آن جماعت را نزد خود فرا خواند و گفت: «گوش فرا دهید و بفهمید. ۱۱نه آنچه به دهان آدمی داخل می‌شود او را نجس می‌سازد، بلکه آنچه از دهان او بیرون می‌آید، آن است که آدمی را نجس می‌سازد.»

یادبودها

ردای تئوتکس در بلاخرنای

During the reign of Leo the Great (457-474), two noblemen on pilgrimage to the Holy Land stayed at the home of an old widow. Seeing the miracles wrought in a small shrine in her house, they learned from her that she had the robe of the most holy Mother of God stored in a small chest in her house. The old woman was a descendant of one of two virgins who had attended the Theotokos before her dormition; in her last days on earth she had given each of them one of her garments as a blessing. The two pilgrims stole the garment and brought it to Blachernae near Constantinople, where they built a church dedicated to Sts Peter and Paul, and secretly deposited the robe there. Again, the multitude of miracles wrought through the robe revealed its presence, and it became known to the Emperor Leo and to the Orthodox people in general.

قدیس یوحنا (ماکسیموویچ), اسقف اعظم شانگهای و سن فرانسیسکو (۱۹۶۶) (۱۹ ژوئن ت.ق)

This brightly-shining Saint of our own day was born in Russia in 1896. In 1921 his family fled the Russian Revolution to Serbia, where he became a monk and was ordained a priest. From the time of his entry into monastic life he adopted a severely ascetical way of life: for the rest of his life he never slept in a bed, sleeping only briefly in a chair or prostrated before the icons. He ate one meal a day, in the evening. Teaching seminarians in Serbia, he instructed them each day to devote six hours to divine services, six hours to prayer (not including the divine services!), six hours to good works, and six hours to rest (these six hours obviously included eating and bathing as well as sleeping). Whether his seminarians followed his counsels we do not know, but he himself not only followed but exceeded them.

In 1934 he was made Bishop of Shanghai (in the Russian Church Abroad), where he served not only the Russian emigre community but a number of native Chinese Orthodox; from time to time he served the Divine Liturgy in Chinese. When the Communists took power in China, he labored tirelessly to evacuate his flock to safety, first to the Philippines, then to various western countries including the United States. He served as Bishop in Paris and Brussels, then, in 1962 was made Archbishop of San Francisco. Throughout his life as monk and hierarch he was revered (and sometimes condemned) for his ascetical labors and unceasing intercessions. During his life and ever since, numerous miraculous healings of all manner of afflictions have been accomplished through his prayers. Once, in Shanghai, a caretaker, investigating strange noises in the cathedral after midnight, discovered Bishop John standing in the belltower, looking down on the city and praying for the people. Years later, when he visited Holy Trinity Monastery in Jordanville, New York, the priest responsible for hosting him found the saint walking through the halls of the monastery, standing outside the door of each room and praying for the monk or seminarian sleeping within. When the Archbishop had prayed outside each room, he returned to the beginning of his circuit and began praying again; and so he spent the entire night.

Even as Archbishop, he lived in near-absolute poverty. His appearance was striking: His cassock was made of blue Chinese “peasant cloth,” crudely decorated with crosses stitched by orphans who had been in his care in Shanghai. His Bishop’s “miter” was often a cloth cap to which he had glued paper icons. Even in the United States, even while serving the Divine Liturgy (which he did every day), he went barefoot in all seasons. (Eventually, after he was hospitalized with an infected foot, his Metropolitan ordered him to wear shoes; thereafter, he wore sandals). Needless to say, he was an embarrassment to those who like their bishops to make a more worldly appearance, but among his various flocks throughout the world, there were always those who recognized him as a Saint in his own lifetime.

Following his repose in 1966, a steady stream of healings and other miracles was accomplished through his intercessions, and in 1996 he was glorified as a Saint of the Church. His incorrupt and wonder-working relics can be venerated at his cathedral in San Francisco. At St John’s funeral, the eulogist told his mourners (and all of us): because Archbishop John was able to live the spirituality of the Orthodox Church so fully, even in modern, western, urban society, we are without excuse.

Footnote: An acquaintance of Monk John once met him on a train in Serbia. When asked his destination, Monk John replied, “I’m going to straighten out a mistake. I’ve gotten a letter meant for some other John whom they intend to make a bishop.” The same person met him again on his return journey and asked if he had been able to resolve his problem. John answered, “The mistake is much worse than I thought: they did make me a bishop.”

قدیس ژوونال, پاتریارک اورشلیم (۴۵۸)

A zealous hierarch, he took part in two Ecumenical Councils: the Third in Ephesus, which rebuked the doctrines of Nestorius; and the Fourth at Chalcedon, which rebuked the teachings of Eutyches and Dioscoros that Christ has only one nature, divine but not human. Following these councils, he returned to his see in Jerusalem. But through the plotting of Dioscoros’ allies, he was driven from his throne and Theodosius, a monophysite, was installed in his place. The Empress Eudocia, widow of the Emperor Theodosius the younger, initially supported the heretics. But, unsure of the true Orthodox doctrine, she went to inquire of St Symeon the Stylite, who denounced the monophysite doctrine and told the Empress to do all that she could to uphold the teaching of the Councils. Obeying him, she condemned the false Patriarch Theodosius and prevailed on the Emperor Marcian to have him deposed. Thus St Juvenal was at last restored to his patriarchal throne. He served the Church in peace, for a total of thirty-eight years, and reposed at a great old age.

قدیس ژوونالی, اول شهید آمریکا و آلاسکا (۱۷۹۶)

“St Juvenal was (together with St Herman, see Dec. 12) a member of the first mission sent from Russia to proclaim the Gospel in the New World. He was a priest-monk, and a zealous follower of the Apostles, and baptized hundreds of the natives of Alaska. He was martyred by enraged pagans in 1796.” (Great Horologion)