حکمت سلیمان ۵.۱۵-۶.۳ (نماز شامگاهی)
روزه — ماهی، شراب و روغن مجاز است
۲۷پدرم همه چیز را به من سپرده است. هیچکس پسر را نمیشناسد جز پدر، و هیچکس پدر را نمیشناسد جز پسر، و آنان که پسر بخواهد او را بر ایشان آشکار سازد. ۲۸«بیایید نزد من، ای تمامی زحمتکشان و گرانباران، که من به شما آسایش خواهم بخشید. ۲۹یوغ مرا بر دوش گیرید و از من تعلیم یابید، زیرا حلیم و افتادهدل هستم، و در جانهای خویش آسایش خواهید یافت. ۳۰چرا که یوغ من راحت است و بار من سبک.»
۱از شَمعون پطرس، خادم و رسول عیسی مسیح، به آنان که به برکتِ عدالت خدا و نجاتدهندۀ ما عیسی مسیح، ایمانی همتراز با ایمان ما نصیبشان شده است: ۲فیض و سلامتی به واسطۀ شناخت خدا و خداوند ما عیسی، بهفزونی بر شما باد. ۳قدرت الهیِ او هرآنچه را برای حیات و دینداری نیاز داریم بر ما ارزانی داشته است. این از طریق شناختِ او میسّر شده که ما را به واسطۀ جلال و نیکویی خویش فرا خوانده است. ۴او به واسطۀ اینها وعدههای عظیم و گرانبهای خود را به ما بخشیده، تا از طریق آنها شریک طبیعت الهی شوید و از فسادی که در نتیجۀ امیال نفسانی در دنیا وجود دارد، بِرَهید. ۵از همین رو، به سعی تمام بکوشید تا به واسطۀ ایمان خود نیکویی بار آورید و به واسطۀ نیکویی، شناخت، ۶و به واسطۀ شناخت، خویشتنداری، و به واسطۀ خویشتنداری، پایداری، و به واسطۀ پایداری، دینداری، ۷و به واسطۀ دینداری، مهرِ برادرانه و به واسطۀ مهرِ برادرانه، محبت. ۸زیرا چون اینها در شما باشد و فزونی یابد، نخواهد گذاشت در شناخت خداوند ما عیسی مسیح، بیفایده و بیثمر باشید. ۹امّا آن که عاری از اینهاست، کور است و کوتهبین، و از یاد برده که از گناهان گذشتۀ خویش پاک شده است. ۱۰پس ای برادران، هر چه بیشتر بکوشید تا فراخواندگی و برگزیدگی خویش را تثبیت نمایید، چرا که اگر چنین کنید هرگز سقوط نخواهید کرد.
۱۷از رهبران خود اطاعت کنید و تسلیم آنها باشید؛ زیرا ایشان بر جانهای شما دیدبانی میکنند و باید حساب بدهند. پس بگذارید کار خود را با شادمانی انجام دهند نه با آه و ناله، زیرا این به نفع شما نخواهد بود. ۱۸برای ما دعا کنید، زیرا مطمئنیم که وجدانمان پاک است و میخواهیم از هر جهت با سربلندی زندگی کنیم. ۱۹بخصوص از شما استدعا دارم دعا کنید که بتوانم هر چه زودتر نزدتان بازگردم. ۲۰حال، خدای سلامتی که شبانِ اعظم گوسفندان یعنی خداوند ما عیسی را به خون آن عهد ابدی از مردگان برخیزانید، ۲۱شما را به هر چیز نیکو مجهز گرداند تا ارادۀ او را به انجام رسانید. باشد که او هرآنچه را که موجب خشنودی اوست به واسطۀ عیسی مسیح در ما به عمل آورد، که او را جلال جاودانه باد. آمین.
۱هنگامی که عیسی معبد را ترک میکرد، یکی از شاگردانش به او گفت: «استاد، بنگر! چه سنگها و چه بناهای باشکوهی!» ۲امّا عیسی به او فرمود: «همۀ این بناهای بزرگ را میبینی؟ بدان که سنگی بر سنگ دیگر باقی نخواهد ماند، بلکه همه فرو خواهد ریخت.» ۳و چون عیسی بر کوه زیتون روبهروی معبد نشسته بود، پطرس و یعقوب و یوحنا و آندریاس در خلوت از او پرسیدند: ۴«به ما بگو این وقایع کِی روی خواهد داد و نشانۀ نزدیک شدن زمان تحقق آنها چیست؟» ۵عیسی بدیشان فرمود: «بههوش باشید تا کسی گمراهتان نکند. ۶بسیاری به نام من آمده، خواهند گفت، ”من همانم“ و بسیاری را گمراه خواهند کرد. ۷چون دربارۀ جنگها میشنوید و خبر جنگها به گوشتان میرسد، مشوش مشوید. چنین وقایعی میباید رخ دهد، ولی هنوز پایان فرا نرسیده است. ۸قومی بر قوم دیگر و حکومتی بر حکومت دیگر بر خواهند خاست. زلزلهها در جایهای گوناگون خواهد آمد و قحطیها خواهد شد. امّا این تنها به منزلۀ آغاز درد زایمان است.
۱۷عیسی همراه ایشان فرود آمد و در مکانی هموار ایستاد. بسیاری از شاگردانش و انبوهی از مردم از سرتاسر یهودیه، اورشلیم، و از شهرهای ساحلی صور و صیدون، آنجا حضور داشتند. ۱۸آنها آمده بودند تا سخنان او را بشنوند و از بیماریهای خود شفا یابند؛ و کسانی که ارواح پلید آزارشان میداد، شفا مییافتند. ۱۹مردم همه میکوشیدند او را لمس کنند، زیرا نیرویی از وی صادر میشد که همگان را شفا میبخشید. ۲۰آنگاه عیسی بر شاگردانش نظر افکند و گفت: «خوشا به حال شما که فقیرید، زیرا پادشاهی خدا از آن شماست. ۲۱خوشا به حال شما که اکنون گرسنهاید، زیرا سیر خواهید شد. خوشا به حال شما که اکنون گریانید، زیرا خواهید خندید. ۲۲«خوشا به حال شما آنگاه که مردم بهخاطر پسر انسان، بر شما نفرت گیرند و شما را از جمع خود برانند و دشنام دهند و بدنام سازند. ۲۳در آن روز، شادی و پایکوبی کنید، زیرا پاداشتان در آسمان عظیم است. چرا که پدران آنها نیز با پیامبران چنین کردند.
‘Saint Anthony, the Father of monks, was born in Egypt in 251 of pious parents who departed this life while he was yet young. On hearing the words of the Gospel: “If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell what thou hast, and give to the poor” (Matt. 19:21), he immediately put it into action. Distributing to the poor all he had, and fleeing from all the turmoil of the world, he departed to the desert. The manifold temptations he endured continually for the space of twenty years are incredible. His ascetical struggles by day and by night, whereby he mortified the uprisings of the passions and attained to the height of dispassion, surpass the bounds of nature; and the report of his deeds of virtue drew such a multitude to follow him, that the desert was transformed into a city, while he became, so to speak, the governor, lawgiver, and master-trainer of all the citizens of this newly-formed city. But the cities of the world also enjoyed the fruit of his virtue. When the Christians were being persecuted and put to death under Maximinus in 312, he hastened to their aid and consolation. When the Church was troubled by the Arians, he went with zeal to Alexandria in 335 and struggled against them in behalf of Orthodoxy. During this time, by the grace of his words, he also turned many unbelievers to Christ.
‘He began his ascetical life outside his village of Coma in Upper Egypt, studying the ways of the ascetics and holy men there, and perfecting himself in the virtues of each until he surpassed them all. Desiring to increase his labours, he departed into the desert, and finding an abandoned fortress in the mountain, he made his dwelling in it, training himself in extreme fasting, unceasing prayer, and fierce conflicts with the demons. Here he remained, as mentioned above, about twenty years. Saint Athanasius the Great, who knew him personally and wrote his life, says that he came forth from the fortress “initiated in the mysteries and filled with the Spirit of God.” Afterwards, because of the press of the faithful, who deprived him of his solitude, he was enlightened by God to journey with certain Bedouins, until he came to a mountain in the desert near the Red Sea, where he passed the remaining part of his life. Saint Athanasius says of him that “his countenance had a great and wonderful grace. This gift also he had from the Saviour. For if he were present in a great company of monks, and any one who did not know him previously wished to see him, immediately coming forward he passed by the rest, and hurried to Anthony, as though attracted by his appearance. Yet neither in height nor breadth was he conspicuous above others, but in the serenity of his manner and the purity of his soul.”
‘So passing his life, and becoming an example of virtue and a rule for monastics, he reposed on January 17 in the year 356, having lived together some 105 years.’ (Great Horologion)
Speaking of the demonic temptations and struggles with the passions that beset those who seek their salvation, St Anthony said: “All these trials are to your advantage. Do away with temptation and no one will be saved.”
He was born in Spain, became a general in the Imperial Army, and was crowned Emperor of the East in 379. He quickly made his Orthodoxy clear by decisively rejecting Arianism, which had divided Christians, troubled the Church, and confused previous emperors, for many years. He summoned the Second Ecumenical Council at Constantinople in 381, which reaffirmed the doctrine of Nicaea and proclaimed the divinity of the Holy Spirit. While Constantine had outlawed the persecution of Christians and made Christianity the religion of the state, Theodosius outlawed the worship of idols within the Empire.
Theodosius was several times guilty of anger and bloodshed during his reign, but, when corrected, always expressed sincere repentance and submitted himself to the authority and discipline of the Church. He endured a long excommunication and penance from Ambrose, bishop of Milan (December 7), for a massacre perpetrated at his order. Once he was about to enact bloody punishment of the people of Antioch for a rebellion, but relented when St Placilla (September 14) and Patriarch Flavian enjoined him to be merciful. In this, he showed a humility and submission to the Church almost unknown in Christian rulers before or since.
Having reigned for sixteen years, the Emperor Theodosius reposed in peace in 395 at the age of sixty.
He was born to a prosperous family on the island of Patmos. As soon as he was old enough to leave home, he attended the Patriarchal School in Constantinople, where he distinguished himself. He became a monk, then a deacon, but always refused to be ordained to the priesthood, though the Metropolitan of Nikomedia wished Makarios to be his successor. Instead, he returned to Patmos in 1713 and entered the Monastery of St John the Theologian, where he remained until his death.
Though he lived in great asceticism and constant prayer, Saint Makarios was moved by a concern for the salvation and education of the Orthodox people, who often lived in great ignorance, even of their own faith, under Ottoman rule. He established a school in a building adjacent to the monastery, and offered courses free of charge to any who could come. Modeling the curriculum on that of the Patriarchal School, he served more as a spiritual father than a worldly professor. The school grew steadily, partly due to generous contributions from a few wealthy Greek families and trade guilds in Constantinople. But students, many of them very poor, still had to pay for their own needs, and Saint Makarios used his own funds to aid the poorest of them. In addition, he secretly distributed any money that came to him personally to the poor on Patmos. The school at Patmos became famous throughout the Greek Church, and its head became a spiritual father not only to his students but througout the Greek nation. Bishops often asked him to write homilies; about sixty of these were published in book form as The Trumpet of the Gospel, which is still widely read today by the faithful. Having greatly edified thousands while laboring tirelessly for the salvation of his soul, Saint Makarios reposed in peace in 1737.